Friday, August 14, 2009

Taanit #9 Mussar Ha-midbar

The Chumash points out that Mussar lies at the core of the Midbar experience. In the words of D'varim Chapter 8:

ה וְיָדַעְתָּ, עִם-לְבָבֶךָ: כִּי, כַּאֲשֶׁר יְיַסֵּר אִישׁ אֶת-בְּנוֹ, יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ, מְיַסְּרֶךָּ.

This Mussar was designed to rectify Israel's tendency to שכחה . The Midbar, a place of privation of normal resources, was the ideal vehicle for revealing the reality about the power of our plans.

ב וְזָכַרְתָּ אֶת-כָּל-הַדֶּרֶךְ, אֲשֶׁר הוֹלִיכְךָ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ זֶה אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה--בַּמִּדְבָּר: לְמַעַן עַנֹּתְךָ לְנַסֹּתְךָ, לָדַעַת אֶת-אֲשֶׁר בִּלְבָבְךָ הֲתִשְׁמֹר מִצְו‍ֹתָו--אִם-לֹא. ג וַיְעַנְּךָ, וַיַּרְעִבֶךָ, וַיַּאֲכִלְךָ אֶת-הַמָּן אֲשֶׁר לֹא-יָדַעְתָּ, וְלֹא יָדְעוּן אֲבֹתֶיךָ: לְמַעַן הוֹדִיעֲךָ, כִּי לֹא עַל-הַלֶּחֶם לְבַדּוֹ יִחְיֶה הָאָדָם--כִּי עַל-כָּל-מוֹצָא פִי-יְהוָה, יִחְיֶה הָאָדָם.

The Mussar of the midbar focused specifically on the education of Israel through painful privation of the most needed natural resource-food. The dependence of food on Hashgacha, was a metaphor for all natural resources in Eretz Yisrael. To benefit from Eretz Yisrael, the seat of natural resources of Beracha, the difficult lesson of Mussar had to be absorbed. Material resources are instrumental to the development of Mind- the דרך ה promised to Avraham.
יח וְזָכַרְתָּ, אֶת-יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ--כִּי הוּא הַנֹּתֵן לְךָ כֹּחַ, לַעֲשׂוֹת חָיִל: לְמַעַן הָקִים אֶת-בְּרִיתוֹ אֲשֶׁר-נִשְׁבַּע לַאֲבֹתֶיךָ, כַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה..
The Midbar experience had revolved around this Mussar for years and the depiction of the Mishkan signifies its objective.

טו וּבְיוֹם, הָקִים אֶת-הַמִּשְׁכָּן, כִּסָּה הֶעָנָן אֶת-הַמִּשְׁכָּן, לְאֹהֶל הָעֵדֻת; וּבָעֶרֶב יִהְיֶה עַל-הַמִּשְׁכָּן, כְּמַרְאֵה-אֵשׁ--עַד-בֹּקֶר. טז כֵּן יִהְיֶה תָמִיד, הֶעָנָן יְכַסֶּנּוּ; וּמַרְאֵה-אֵשׁ, לָיְלָה. יז וּלְפִי הֵעָלוֹת הֶעָנָן, מֵעַל הָאֹהֶל--וְאַחֲרֵי-כֵן, יִסְעוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל; וּבִמְקוֹם, אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכָּן-שָׁם הֶעָנָן--שָׁם יַחֲנוּ, בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. יח עַל-פִּי יְהוָה, יִסְעוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְעַל-פִּי יְהוָה, יַחֲנוּ: כָּל-יְמֵי, אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכֹּן הֶעָנָן עַל-הַמִּשְׁכָּן--יַחֲנוּ. יט וּבְהַאֲרִיךְ הֶעָנָן עַל-הַמִּשְׁכָּן, יָמִים רַבִּים--וְשָׁמְרוּ בְנֵי-יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת-מִשְׁמֶרֶת יְהוָה, וְלֹא יִסָּעוּ. כ וְיֵשׁ אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה הֶעָנָן, יָמִים מִסְפָּר--עַל-הַמִּשְׁכָּן; עַל-פִּי יְהוָה יַחֲנוּ, וְעַל-פִּי יְהוָה יִסָּעוּ. כא וְיֵשׁ אֲשֶׁר-יִהְיֶה הֶעָנָן, מֵעֶרֶב עַד-בֹּקֶר, וְנַעֲלָה הֶעָנָן בַּבֹּקֶר, וְנָסָעוּ; אוֹ יוֹמָם וָלַיְלָה, וְנַעֲלָה הֶעָנָן וְנָסָעוּ. כב אוֹ-יֹמַיִם אוֹ-חֹדֶשׁ אוֹ-יָמִים, בְּהַאֲרִיךְ הֶעָנָן עַל-הַמִּשְׁכָּן לִשְׁכֹּן עָלָיו, יַחֲנוּ בְנֵי-יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְלֹא יִסָּעוּ; וּבְהֵעָלֹתוֹ, יִסָּעוּ. כג עַל-פִּי יְהוָה יַחֲנוּ, וְעַל-פִּי יְהוָה יִסָּעוּ: אֶת-מִשְׁמֶרֶת יְהוָה שָׁמָרוּ, עַל-פִּי יְהוָה בְּיַד-מֹשֶׁה. {פ}

The Jews' need for Hashgacha was institutionalized into the very structure of their national activity. As Seforno points out, regardless of the resources of the spot, the Jewish march continued-

כב אוֹ-יֹמַיִם אוֹ-חֹדֶשׁ אוֹ-יָמִים, בְּהַאֲרִיךְ הֶעָנָן עַל-הַמִּשְׁכָּן לִשְׁכֹּן עָלָיו, יַחֲנוּ בְנֵי-יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְלֹא יִסָּעוּ; וּבְהֵעָלֹתוֹ, יִסָּעוּ. כג עַל-פִּי יְהוָה יַחֲנוּ, וְעַל-פִּי יְהוָה יִסָּעוּ: אֶת-מִשְׁמֶרֶת יְהוָה שָׁמָרוּ, עַל-פִּי יְהוָה בְּיַד-מֹשֶׁה.

The trumpets were an end stage of this mussar education through privation. They were part of Kibbush ha-aretz the bridge from the rigorous Mussar of the Midbar where there was little to no application of human strategy to the realm of resource acquisition at all. The entry to the land involved the initiation of the nation into a more mature stance. The key to success lay in maintaining zechira, even in the face of the formulation and application of strategy. The fundamental instrument for this, was Tefilla. But tefilla had to be supplemented with another instrument of Zechira- for extraordinary circumstances. The extraordinary circumstance could be in either direction: Kelala When you go to war in your land or beracha Also in the day of your gladness. In either case, the mussar need is the same- retaining sight of a mature reflective attitude toward the material world and one's place in it. Then you will be remembered before Hashem your God, and you will be saved from your enemies.

1 comment:

Unknown said...

Dear Rabbi Sacks,

My dad & I just read through all you posts on Ta'anit in beautiful Yerushalayim!

Yaasher Koach!

In your future posts -can you define Zaaka vs. techinah/tefillah/rinah?

You seem to define the Chatzotrot as being a Shichicha buster from both environment of Bracha - material success and Klala - the environment of catastrophe. How does that actually work? Why not Shofar?

Looking forward to seeing all the parts unified!

Pinny